HORTATORY EXPOSITION
A. Definition
Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done. Hortatory exposition text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Hortatory expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. To strengthen the explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind of text can be called as argumentation.
B.
Social Function
The social function of Hortatory Exposition is to
persuade the readers or the listeners that something should or should not be
the case or be done.
C. Generic Structure
Thesis :
Statement or announcement of issue concern. It is stating an issue of concern
by using expression such as I personally think, In my opinion, I
believe, etc.
Arguments :
Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation or giving reasons for
concern, leading recommendation.
using transition signals like First, Second, Furthermore, In addition, The last, etc.
Recommendation: Statement of what should or
should not happen or
be done based on the given arguments. It is stating what ought or ought not to happen by using the words : should, should not, ought to, ought not to, etc.
D.
Language Features
-
Emotive
words: alarmed, worried
-
Words
that qualify statements: usual probably
-
Words
that link arguments: firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore
-
Usually
present tense
-
Compound
and complex sentences
-
Modal
auxiliary: can, may, should, must
-
Using
action verbs
-
Using
thinking verbs
-
Using
adverbs
- Using adjective
-
Using
technical terms
-
Using
general and abstract noun
-
Using
connectives/transition
Then what is the
basic difference between analytical and hortatory exposition? In simple word.
Analytical is the answer of “How is/will” while hortatory is the answer of “How
should”. Analytical exposition will be best to describe “How will student do
for his examination? The point is the important thing to do. But for the
question” How should student do for his exam?” will be good to be answered with
hortatory. It is to convince that the thing should be done.
E.
Model of Hortatory Exposition Text
Read the following text, identify the social function, language feature, and generic structure of the text.
Why Indonesian People Should
Value All Different Cultures
Indonesia is a culturally-diverse country. Many different religions
and cultures from many provinces are now seen living side by side in many
places. One of the biggest questions facing Indonesian today is how to deal
with a culturally diverse citizenry and then promote unity.
Therefore, Indonesians should appreciate differences among culture for the following reasons. Firstly, Indonesia is vulnerable to separation for its archipelago and culture diversity. Raising tolerance among people is the best way to maintain the unity among differences. Many ways or cultures of living are equally legal, even if they are not regarded as normal by some people. If a society claims to be tolerant of personal choice, then it must respect the personal choice to retain their heritage. Then, unity of the nation can be preserved.
Secondly,
Indonesians must recognize that every culture has different customs and
beliefs. Thus, people are forbidden to make judgments of comparative value, for
it is measuring something unmeasured. A plurality of nations, especially in the
modern era, can allow for cultural development and cultural exchange that
benefits both parties. The cross-cultural understanding among cultures makes
the world a better place and preserves the unity of the nation.
Lastly,
raising nationalism is one way to preserve unity of the nation. It is a sense
of fellow feeling between group members. This promotes cooperation and social
cohesion within the group. The sense of social cooperation makes welfare,
social security and medical programs much more likely and stronger.
Cultural differences are sometime a sensitive matter for people. Indonesian people must teach younger generation about the importance of the cultural identity and nationalism to promote unity of the nation.
Text
1
Is it important to know what your
kids are watching? Of course yes. Television can expose things you have tried
to protect them from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism, etc.
A study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or bedtime often causes bedtime
disruption,
stress, and short of sleep duration. Another research found that there is a
significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching
television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being
aggressive.
Meanwhile, many studies have
identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive
and overweight.
Considering some facts mentioned
above, protect your children with the following tips:
1. Limit television viewing to 1 – 2
hours each day
2. Do not allow your children to have
a TV set in their bedrooms
3. Review the rating of TV shows that
your children watch
4. Watch television with your children
and discuss what is happening the show
Answer the questions based on the
text.
1. What is the text about?
2. What TV programs should our
children not watch?
3. What are the effects of spending
too much time on watching TV during the day or bedtime?
4. What does paragraph two mostly talk
about?
5. “Considering some facts mentioned
above, protect your children with the following tips:” What is the
synonym of ‘tips’?
6. “Television can expose things you
have tried to protect them from”. What does the word ‘them’ refer to?
7. “A study demonstrated that spending too much
time on watching TV during the day or bedtime often causes bedtime disruption,
stress, and short of sleep duration.” The word ‘disruption’ can be replaced
with….
8. Which one do you think the most
effective tip do to protect our children? Why?
9. What does the writer’s intention by writing this text?
10. What do you think the best title
for the text above?
Text 2
Dear
Editor,
We are writing to complain about
ads on TV. There are so many ads, especially during our favourite programmes.
We think they should be stopped for a number of reasons.
First, ads are nuisance. They go on
for a long time and there are so many. Sometimes there seems to be more ads
than programmes.
Second, ads are bad influence on
people. They try to encourage people to buy unhealthy food like beer, soft
drink, candy and chips. And they make people want things they do not really
need and can not.
Finally, the people who make ads
have too much say in what programmes people watch. That is because they want to
put all their ads on popular programs that a lot of people watch. Some
programmes which are not so popular get stopped because they do not attract
enough ads, even though those programmes may be someone’s favourite.
For those reasons, we think TV
station should stop showing ads. They interrupt programmes. They are bad
influences on people, and they are sometimes put a stop to people’s favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now
we mostly watch other channels.
David
Answer the questions based on the
text.
1. What does the writer write this
text for?
2. Why are ads not good for us?
3. “…ads are nuisance”, What is
the synonym of the word ‘nuisance’?
4. Why are some unpopular programmes
clogged?
5. “They go on for a long time and there are so many.”
(paragraph 2). What does the word ‘they’ refer to?
6. “We are sick of ads, and now we
mostly watch other channels.” (the last paragraph).
What is
the writer’s intention by writing this sentence?
7. Do you think it is possible to stop
ads on TV? Why? Why not?
8. Do you think the editor will
fulfill david’s request? Why?
9. When you buy a product, which one
do you like, the product which is advertised on TV or not? Why?
10. What are the advatages and
disadvantages of advertisement for us?
Text 3
Why Students Should Eat Breakfast Everyday
A lot
of people, especially young people, go through the day without having
breakfast. Many people believe that it is not necessary,
or they say that they don’t have time for that,
and begin their day with no meal. I
believe that everyone should eat breakfast
before going to their activities. The purpose of this paper is to show the
importance of breakfast, especially for students.
The
first reason why you should eat breakfast before going to school is for your
health. When you skip breakfast and go to school, you are looking for a disease
because it’s not healthy to have an empty stomach all day long.
It’s very important to have a meal and not let your stomach work empty.
All you are going to get is gastritis and a lot of problems with your health if
you don’t eat breakfast.
Another reason for eating breakfast is because you need food for to do well in your classes. Your body and your brain are not going to function as good as they could because you have no energy and no strength. When you try to learn something and have nothing in your stomach, you are going to have a lot of trouble succeeding. A lot of people think that they should not eat because they are going to feel tired, but that’s not true. Breakfast is not a very big meal, and on
the contrary, you’re going to feel tired if you
don’t have breakfast because you have spent
the entire previous night without food.
The
last reason to have breakfast every day is because you can avoid diseases if
you eat some breakfast in the morning. If you don’t eat, you are going to get
sick, and these diseases will have a stronger effect on you because you’re
going to get sick easier than people who have breakfast every day.
You
have to realize that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and you
cannot skip it without consequences for
your health, your school and your
defense mechanism. It is better to wake up earlier and have a good
breakfast that run to school without eating anything. It is time for you to do
something for your health, and eating breakfast is the better way to start your
day.
Answer the questions based on the
text.
1. 1. What is the purpose of
the text?
2. 2. Why do some people not
eat breakfast?
3. 3. What will happen to your
health if you do not have breakfast?
4. 4. Why do we feel tired if
we do not eat breakfast?
5. 5. What is the main point
of argument 3?
6. 6. “The last reason to have breakfast every day is
because you can avoid diseases if you eat some breakfast in the morning.”
What is the synonym of the word ‘ diseases’?
7. 7. What is the writer
suggestion based on the text above?
8. 8. Do you always have
breakfast everyday? Why? Why not?
9. 9. What usually do you have
for breakfast?
10. 10. Do you often have breakfast at home or at school? Why?
Text 4
Why You Should Not Smoke
I
am sure that you know that smoking
harms your body. Then why do you
continue smoking? Maybe you do it because you haven’t really become
conscious about all the effects that smoking has. There are a lot of reasons
why you shouldn’t smoke. Some of them are that smoking
affects your health, that you spend a lot of money on cigarettes, and that when you smoke you are not respecting people around
you.
The second reason why you shouldn’t smoke is
because of all the money that you spend on it. Maybe you start
smoking only when someone offers you a cigarette, but there will be a day when
you will feel the need of a cigarette. By this time, you will pay whatever to
smoke, and each time you will smoke more, so you will spend more money.
All the money you would spend on
cigars could have be spent in
something better, don’t you think?
The last reason why you shouldn’t smoke is out of respect for the people around you. When you smoke, you not only harm yourself, but you also harm all the people around you. So you mustn’t be selfish; you should at least avoid smoking in front of people who don’t smoke. Also, many people don’t like the cigarette’s smell, so they won’t enjoy your company. Would you like that?
I have said just some reasons of why you shouldn’t smoke, so
I hope that now those of you who smoke are able to think a little and try to
make a smart decision. In addition to all the reasons I’ve said, I would like
you to think about how much you love yourself and then whether you want to continue
harming yourself. Think also about all the people who love
you, like your family who doesn’t
want to see you suffering or sick. If you
decide to continue smoking, what a pity. But if you decide to stop smoking,
congratulations! Remember that "If you can dream it, you can do it.
http://www.englishindo.com/2011/10/contoh-hortatory-exposition-why-you-should-not-smoke.html
Answer the questions based on the
text.
1. What is the text about?
2. What illness is caused by smoke?
3. What are the three bad effects of
smoking?
4. “Maybe
you do it because you haven’t really become conscious about all the
effects that smoking has.” (paragraph 1). What is the synonym of the word ‘
conscious’?
5. “Also,
smoking produces lethal diseases like cancer and reduces the length and
quality of your life.” (paragraph 2). The word ‘lethal’ can be replaced with ….
6. Why is smoking out of respect for
the people around us?
7. What recommendation is given by the
writer?
8. Is there any people in your family
who smoke? What will you do to make them stop smoking?
9. Why does Indonesian government not
ban their people to smoke? What government should do to reduce the number of
smokers?
10. Do you think religious fatwa that smoking is ‘haram’ (forbidden) effective to make people quit smoking?
Text 5
Why People Should Read for Pleasure
The
first reason that I give you to enjoy reading is that when you read, you can
expand your knowledge and also your culture. There are a lot of good books in
which you can find history, novels, tragedies, comedies and a variety of other
themes. You can see that people who read more often frequently have a bigger
knowledge of life and also a bigger perspective of
their environment. I think that fact gives
them an advantage over all others who do not read frequently.
The
second reason to read more often is that through books you can have fun
and even travel in your imagination. Children have not yet lost the ability of
getting into their dreams, and because of this, in their first years the
parents read a lot of tales in which they use their imagination. Adults should
try to keep this ability, so we do not forget the importance of the use of the
imagination. The imagination also represents a tool that could help you to
develop your professional career in a creative way.
Finally, the third and the most important feature that reading offers you is that it does not matter the age that you have, you always could expand your vocabulary and the ways to express your ideas to the others in a simple and correct form. By the time you can improve the kind of books that you read, there are a lot of categories, so you will never stop learning from the pleasure of reading. People who know how to choose a book generally have the capability of choosing a formal book in which they can find formal grammatical structures and obviously a formal vocabulary. All these things allow them to gain greater fluency in their communication.
In conclusion, I recommend that you
enjoy reading more often. There are excellent
reasons for doing it; you just have to want to expand your knowledge and your
culture, to improve your imagination and also your vocabulary. I know that we
should evolve with the technology; that is, it is good to know how to navigate
in the internet, but we must also not forget the books. Try to choose good
books at the beginning, and then I ensure you that you never will stop reading.
Answer the questions based on the
text.
1. The text mainly talks about….
2. Why do
many people spend fewer times for reading in their spare time?
3. Mention the reasons why people
should read for pleasure.
4. How do we get pleasure by reading?
5. What are linguistics advantages of
reading?
6. “The first reason that I give you to enjoy reading is that when you read, you can expand your knowledge and also your culture.” (Paragraph 2). The word ‘expand’ can be replaced with ….
7. Why is ‘imagination’ important for
us?
8. What is the purpose of the writer
by writing this text?
9. Do you think the writer of this
text also likes reading? How do you know?
10. How many public books do you read
in a week? How often do you read at home? What do you like to read? Why?
Text 6
Why People Should Stay Safe in the Sun
Going out in the burning sun without sensible protection is extremely
dangerous. There are many reasons why you shoud stay safe from the burning sun.
Some of them are you can get sunburnt, you can get skin cancers, and you can
damage your eyesight.
The first reason is
that you can get extremely sunburn. Sunburn is the
skin’s reaction to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. You can see
sunlight and feel heat (infrared radiation), but you cannot see or feel UV
radiation. It can damage your skin even on cool, cloudy days.
The second reason is that you can get horrible skin cancers
because of damaging light rays. In Australia, over many people die from skin
cancer because they do not stay safe in the burning sun. Although this can be
cured, the prevention of getting burnt is a better solution than curing this
skin cancer.
Another reason is that too much time out in bright sunlight can damage your eyesight. The intense ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun damage sensitive cells in the eyes, eventually affecting vision. Experts say it is difficult to isolate the exact amount of damage that UV radiation imposes on the eye over a long period. However, a number of studies have shown that the effects build up and may increase the chance of developing eye problems later in life. These may include cataracts, a clouding of the lens of the eye.
Answer
the questions based on the text.
1. 1. What is the text about?
2. 2. What is Sunburn?
3. 3. What is the cause of skin
cancers?
4. 4. What is the main idea of
paragraph 4?
5. 5. “Experts say it is
difficult to isolate the exact amount of damage that UV radiation
imposes on the eye over a long period.” (paragraph 4). What is the synonym of
the word ‘isolate’?
6. 6. “These may include cataracts, a clouding of the lens of the
eye.” (paragraph 4). What does the word ‘these’ refer to?
7. 7. What eye problems are caused by
sunlight?
8. 8. What should you do to prevent
eye problems?
9. 9. What should we do when we stay
in the sun?
10. 10. Why do many farmers stay in the sun, but they keep healthy?
The following text contains some errors, read the text, find the
errors and make correction in pairs.
Text 7
Why People Should Exercise
In the
past, I have never been inclined to participate in sports. Honestly, I didn’t
like it, but many persons whom I live with kept telling me everyday how good it
was. Since the peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. It wasn’t
until then that I could really understand people when
they said exercise really helped a
person get organized and keep yourself in a healthy physically and
mentally.
For
starters, when you are a lazy person, it is difficult taking first step, but it is all a
matter of committing yourself to something
that will provide you a lot of
positive feedback. Once you start doing exercise
and observing positive results, you actually
enjoy it. It takes a lot of effort and strong will, but it's worth it. The
principal think to do is to participate in an activity you like. If you do
you’ll start organizing your day in a way that enables you to do everything you
have to, including exercising. You will no longer be a person stressed-out
without time to carry on with all you activities.
Second,
it is obvious that once you exercise you will have a better
condition. You will be become healthier in a physical way. It is probable
that you will lose weight and your muscles will get stronger and stronger. Your
body will feeling good, full of energy and it will to respond immediately to
any action you want doing, any activity that has to be done with high spirits.
The third reason why exercising is good is that it affects you positively in a mental and psychological way. Doing exercise helping you set specific goals which along with strong will can be achieved. When you doing that, you are aware of your abilities, accept your weaknesses, and your self-esteem goes up. Any sport distracts you because it helped you not to think about school, friends, problems, among other things. It to bring you time to think about yourself and no one else. It helping you keep your mind busy and to avoid dangerous habits like drugs.
Doing
exercise are very important to any person of any age. The positive effects of
exercising, which I’ve already mentioned,
are like a chain. Once you do a
sports activity that you like, you get organized; therefore, you start
doing things the right way and get enormous benefits
which make you feel good as a whole
human being.
You start living life you happily.
Rearrange these paragraphs into a
good text.
Nowadays, in modern era, I think internet is very important for students.
As we
all know internet has many function for supporting our life. They are, first,
it gives us various information, news, knowledge etc. Students can search
anything or something from internet. Take for example, they search about
education, entertainment, knowledge etc that is in the world.
From my arguments above, as student, we should use internet
facility well to get knowledge, friends, information etc.
Watching TV
Is it
important to know what your 1) ____________ are watching? Of course it is.
Television can 2 ____________your children to things that you have tried to
protect them from, especially violence, drug abuse, etc.
One study demonstrated that watching
too much TV during the day or at bedtime often causes 3) ____________resistance,
sleep onset delay and anxiety around sleep, followed by shortened 4)____________duration.
Another study found a significant 5) ____________ between
the amount of time spent 6) ____________television during adolescence and early
adulthood, and the like hood of subsequent aggressive 7) ____________against
others.
Meanwhile,
many8) ____________ have found an association between kids watching a lot of
TV, being inactive and overweight.
Considering
some 9) ____________above, protect your children with some following tips:
1. Limit television
viewing to 1-2 hours each day.
2. Do not 10) ____________your
children to have a TV set in their bedrooms.
3. Review the ratings of
TV shows that your children watch.
4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening during the show.
https://nurinuryani.wordpress.com/kumpulan-tugas/analytical-exposition/
Put these words into the blank in the text above.
|
a.
acts b.
Kids c.
studies d.
Expose e.
Bedtime |
f.
facts g.
Sleep h.
Association i.
look j.
allow k.
watching |
Comments
Post a Comment