REPORT TEXT
1) Definition
A
report text is a type of text that announce the result of an investigation or
announce something. The information given in a report text is very general
information. Report presents
information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation
and analyses.
2) Social function
The social function of report is to
describe the way things are. The things must be a representative of their
class. They generally describe an entire class of things, whether natural or made:
mammals, the planets, rocks, plants, countries of region, culture,
transportation, and so on.
3). Generic Structure
Text organization of report are as follows:
a)
General
classification (introduces the topic of the report/tells
what
phenomenon under discussion is.)
b)
Description
(tell the details of topic such as physical appearance, parts, qualities,
habits/behavior).
4). Language Features
- Use of general nouns ( Whales,
Kangaroo, Computer)
- Use of present tense (Komodo
dragons usually weigh more than 160 kg)
- Use of behavioral verbs (Snakes
often sunbathe in the sun)
- Use of technical terms ( Water
contains oxygen and hydrogen)
- Use of relating verbs (is, are,
has)
d. Summary
The most important things of report
text are:
-
It
describes something in general
-
Mostly
use present tense
e. Task
Read
the following texs and analyze its social function, generic structure and
language features.
A MOBILE PHONE
A mobile phone (also
known as a wireless phone, cell phone, or cellular telephone) is a very small
portable radio telephone.
The first mobile phone
networks were created in the late 1970s in Japan. A cell phone combines
technologies, mainly telephone, radio, and computer. Cell phones work as
two-way radios. They send electromagnetic microwaves from base station to base
station. The waves are sent through antennas. This is called wireless communication.
There are different
kinds of phones. A flip phone flips open, and is best for calling. A bar phone
is shaped like a candy bar, and the keys and screen are on one face. A slate
phone is a phone that has almost no buttons, and uses a touchscreen. Most
smartphones are slates. A slider phone slides on rails. It can slide out number
keys or a mini keyboard, but some do both. A swivel spins on an axle.
Many 21st century
mobile phones are smartphones. These phones can be used for email, browsing the
internet, playing music and games,and many other functions that computers can
perform. This is because mobile phones basically are small computers. Older
phones also used computer technology, but lacked many of the parts of a
computer that were too big to fit into a phone. Modern phone makers have been
able to use smaller parts. Most smartphones are also GPS receivers and digital
cameras.
THANKSGIVING DAY
Thanksgiving or Thanksgiving Day is
a celebration of harvest, thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native
Americans. It is usually celebrated in late autumn.
In the past, Thanksgiving was
celebrated for their rich harvest in New England. In North America, however, it
was originally held to thank God for their survival in the new land which was
not easy for them. However, in Canada, it had been celebrated as in New
England. Thanksgiving now is celebrated in United States of America and in Canada.
Thanksgiving festivals are held every fourth Thursday of November in the U.S
and on the second Monday of October in Canada. It is usually celebrated in four
to five days in the North America and for three days in Canada.
It is celebrated through families
and friends gathering to eat and give good luck. Turkey is the main dish in the
thanksgiving dinner. Thanksgiving parades are also usually held. In Thanksgiving
homes are decorated with wreaths, fresh and dried flowers. Lamps are lighted to
brighten the environment. Tables are decorated with best china and antique silver
dishes to mark the occasion.
Lightning
is a sudden, violent flash of electricity between a cloud and the ground, or
from cloud to cloud. A lightning fl ash, or bolt, can be several miles long. It
is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000° Centigrade, that the air around
it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This is the thunder we hear.
Lightning occurs in hot, wet
storms. Moist air is driven up to a great height. It forms a type of cloud
called cumulonimbus.
When the cloud rises high enough, the moisture freezes and ice crystals and
snowfl akes are formed. These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way down.
This rain meets more moist air rising, and it is the friction between them
which produces static electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this
electricity, it discharges it as a lightning flash.
LAPTOP
A laptop is a computer
which is easy to carry around. Its user can fold the laptop along its hinge for
carrying. The laptop was created mainly for this particular reason. Computer
parts were scaled to smaller size so this could happen.
The first laptop was
invented in 1979 by British Designer Bill Moggridge. In 1982, two computer designers
from Microsoft, Kazuhiko Nishi and Bill Gates, started their discussion
concerning a new portable computer. The main thing about the computer was a new
LCD technology. A year later the company launched its TRS-80 Model 100, which
was a computer that looked pretty much like the laptops we know today.
The first portable computer that resembled laptops today came out
in 1982, the GRID Compass. It was not widely used. The first successful laptop
computer was the Japanese Kyocera Kyotronic 85, introduced in 1983. Laptop computers
were not IBM compatible until 1986.
In the 1990s, with such companies as Dell, Apple and Gateway
competing to make useful portable computers, laptop technology rapidly
advanced. In 1995, Microsoft made the first of their Windows operating systems
and streamlined the design of future laptops.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
1. Why is a laptop is easy
to carry around ?
2. When was the first
laptop invented ?
3. Who was the first
inventor of laptop?
4. Its user can fold the
laptop along its hinge for carrying. The word ‘ hinge’ can be replaced
with ….
5. Why is the term
‘laptop’ misleading?
6. What will happen if a
laptop does not sit on a flat surface such
as a desk or a cooling mat?
7. When did the first
portable computer that is similar to laptops today come out?
8. Who made Windows
operating systems?
9. What companies were
competing to make useful portable computers?
10.
Why were most new inventions made by westerners?
AIRPLANES
Airplanes are fixed-wing
aircraft that are propelled through the air by engines. They are used for transportation,
recreation, research and military purposes.
Some aircraft (usually
military or experimental) are capable of supersonic flight (breaking the sound
barrier) by traveling at speeds faster than sound (1235kph, 768mph). There have
only been two commercial aircraft capable of supersonic transport, the most
well known of these was the Concorde which flew between major cities such as
London, New York and Paris until 2003.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
1.
Airplanes are fixed-wing aircraft that are propelled through the air by engines. (paragraph 1) What is the
synonym of the word ‘propelled’?
2.
They are used for
transportation, recreation, research and military purposes. (paragraph 1) What
does the word ‘they’ refer to?
3.
What is supersonic flight?
4.
What is commercial aircraft which capable of supersonic transport?
5.
Where did the Concorde fly?
HANDPHONE SMARTPHONE
The first mobile phone invented for practical use was by a
Motorola employee called Martin Cooper who is widely considered to be a key
player in the history of mobile phones.
The next major step in mobile phone history was in the
mid-eighties with the First Generation (1G) fully automatic cellular networks
were introduced.
The birth of the Second Generation (2G) mobile phones was in
Finland in 1993. It was also the year that the first SMS text messages were
sent and that data services began to appear on mobile phones.
Mobiles that we use today are 3G mobiles, or Third Generation mobiles,
or even more advanced 4G handsets. 3G launched in 2001 and allowed operators to
offer a huge range of advanced services such as video calling and HSPA data
transmission. 4G became commerically available in the UK in late 2012 and
offers super fast connections and similarly speedy downloads.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
- Who was the first mobile phone
inventor for practical use?
- When were the first SMS text
messages sent?
- What advanced services did 3G
offer?
- What did 4G offer?
- What are the difference between 1G and 2G?
f. Test
TELEVISION
Television, or TV, is one of humanity’s most important means of
communication. It brings pictures and sounds from around the world into
millions of homes.
People, with a television set in their houses, can sit and watch
the president makes a speech or visits a foreign country. They can see a war
being fought. Through television, viewers at home can see and learn about
people, places, and things in a away lands.
Additionally, television brings its viewers a steady stream of
programs that are designed to entertain. In fact, TV provides many more
entertainment programs than any other kind of information media. The programs include action-packed dramas, light comedies,
soap operas, sports events, cartoons, quizzes, variety shows and motion pictures.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
1.
Television, or TV, is one of humanity’s most important means of communication. (paragraph 1) What
is the synonym of the word ‘means’?
2.
It brings pictures and
sounds from around the world into millions of homes. (paragraph 1) What does
the word ‘it’ refers to?
3.
What does television bring from around the world into millions of
homes?
4.
What kinds of programs can we watch on television?
5.
What are the main functions of television?
6.
What can viewers at home see
through television?
7.
In your opinion, why does TV provide many more entertainment
programs than any other kind of information media?
8.
What programs do you like to watch on television? Why?
9.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of watching TV?
10. Do you agree if watching
TV is banned during the study time? Why? Why not?
HELICOPTERS
Helicopters are agile
aircraft capable of taking off and landing vertically, hovering and flying in
different directions.
Helicopters have
advantages over fixed-wing aircraft that allow them to access hard to reach
areas, particularly useful in rescue situations. As well as search and rescue,
helicopters are useful for tourism, medical transport, fighting fires, aerial
photography, military activity and more.
The lift and thrust of
helicopters are provided by spinning rotors, usually featuring two or more
blades. Helicopters typically have one main rotor and one smaller rotor in the
tail which counters the torque effect, stopping the helicopter from spinning in
the opposite direction.
Around 1480 Leonardo da
Vinci designed a machine resembling a helicopter which can be described as an
‘aerial screw’. The first working helicopter is believed to have been the
Focke-Wulf Fw 61, first flown in 1936.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
1.
Helicopters are agile
aircraft capable of taking off and landing vertically, hovering and flying in
different directions. The word ‘agile’ can be replaced with ….
2.
What is the advantages of helicopter?
3.
Why is a helicopter supple?
4.
For what purposes are helicopters useful ?
5.
What is the function of rotor in the tail?
6.
What is the function of spinning rotors?
7.
How many blades are the spinning rotors contain?
8.
Who was the first person designed a helicopter?
9.
When did a helicopter at the first time fly?
10. How long did it take to
make the dream of Leonardo da Vinci came true?
TSUNAMI
Tsunami is a Japanese word for a sea wave generated by an earthquake
or lanslide under a sea or an eruption.
Most tsunamis happened along the ring of fire. it is a zone of volcanoes
and seismic activity. The zone encircles the Pacific Ocean.
Historically, tsunami has caused much destruction and death. Since
1819, about 40 tsunamis have struck the Hawaiian Islands and since 1883, about
20 tsunamis have struck Indonesia. The last one was on December 26th
, 2004 and caused over 100.000 people to die.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
- Where does the word Tsunami originally come
from?
- Where did most tsunamis occure?
- What are the impact of tsunami?
- How many times did tsunami hit the Hawaiian Islands?
- When did tsunami strike Indonesia for the last
time?
ROBOTS
‘Robot’ comes from the Czech word ‘robota’ that means ‘work’ or ‘labor’. A robot is a machine that does the work of a human being.
Robots are used to perform repetitive tasks, which require precision. For example,
they are used to manufacture cars. In the future, robots might be used to
perform surgical operations on people. A computer could direct the procedure
with great precision while human surgeons could check the progress of the
operation on large video screens.
Robots may soon become useful for doing unpopular household chores like
sweeping and mopping. Robots could also be used to do jobs, which are unsafe
for human, like cleaning the site of a nuclear accident.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
- What does the word ‘robot’ mean?
- Robots are used to perform repetitive tasks, which require precision. (paragraph 2) The word
‘precision’ can be replaced with …
- What are robots used for?
- What might robots do in the future?
- Can all human jobs be replaced by robots? Why?
Why not?
CAMERA
A camera is an optical instrument for recording images, which may
be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be
individual still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or
movies. The word camera comes from camera obscura, which means "dark
chamber" and is the Latin name of the original device for projecting an image
of external reality onto a flat surface. The modern photographic camera evolved
from the camera obscura. The functioning of the camera is very similar to the
functioning of the human eye.
A camera may work with
the light of the visible spectrum or with other portions of the electromagnetic
spectrum. A still camera is an optical device, which creates a single image of
an object or scene, and records it on an electronic sensor or photographic film.
All cameras use the same basic design: light enters an enclosed box through a
converging lens and an image is recorded on a light-sensitive medium.
A shutter mechanism
controls the length of time that light can enter the camera. Most photographic
cameras have functions that allow a person to view the scene to be recorded,
allow for a desired part of the scene to be in focus, and to control the
exposure so that it is not too bright or too dim. A display, often a liquid
crystal display (LCD), permits the user to view scene to be recorded and settings
such as ISO speed, exposure, and shutter speed.
Answer the following questions
based on the text.
- What is the text mainly about?
- What does camera means?
- ‘A still camera is an optical device …’
(paragraph 2). What does the word ‘ still’ mean?
- What is the
difference between video camera and a still camera?
- What functions do most
photographic cameras have?
The generic structure text camera?
ReplyDeleteThe generic structure text camera?
ReplyDeleteThe language feature text camera?