Monday, 6 August 2018

RECOUNT TEXT


RECOUNT TEXT

1. The Definition and Social Function of Recount Text
            Recount text is a type of spoken or written text that deals with:
-         past experiences
-         what had happened in series of events in sequence.
-         calling past memory
-         a true story
-          I or we
-         There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative.

The purpose of recount text is to inform and/or to entertain the listeners or readers or to tell an event in the past time chronologically. In other words this text is aimed to tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events.


2. The Generic Structure of Recount Text

a. Orientation            
An introduction that providers the setting and introduces participations. In orientation the writer at least introduces the main character(s), the location and the time. To make it easier we can answer the questions:
- Who involved in the story?
- Where it happened?
- When it happened?

b. Sequence of Events          
-                                                           Describing series of event that happened in the past. It tells what happened, in a sequence. In series of events the writer writes the
-                                                          events chronologically. It begins from the first event, followed by the second event to the the last event. The sum of events depend on the creativity of the writer.

c. Reorientation
-                                                                                                             Closure of events. In reorientation the writer draw a conclusion or gives comment about the story. Not all recount text closed by reorientation. It is optional Stating personal comment of the writer to the story.

3. Language Features of Recount Text
Here are some characteristics of recount text:
-          Using Past Tense            : walked, did not want
-          Action verbs                     : bought, went, enjoyed
-          Indicates When                : when I was at home
-          Indicates Where               : I went to the town square of
                                            Ponorogo.
-          Focuses on Individuals    : I , We
-          Use of pronouns and nouns : David, he, she
-          Use of Noun Phrase : a beautiful beach
-          Use of adverbial phrases
-          Use of adjectives : cool, wise, wonderful
-          Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
-          Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc


BIOGRAPHY


A biography is a written account of the series of events that make up a person's life. Every student will write a biography at some point, but the level of detail and sophistication will differ. A fourth grade biography will be much different from a middle school-level biography or a high school or college-level biography.
However, each biography will include the basic details. The first information you should gather in your research will include biographical details and facts. You must use a trustworthy resource to ensure that your information is accurate.
Using research note cards, collect the following data, carefully recording the source for each piece of information:
Basic details include:
  • Date and place of birth and death
  • Family information
  • Lifetime accomplishments
  • Major events of life
  • Effects/impact on society, historical significance



A Memoir of W.S. Rendra

Willibrordus Surendra Broto Rendra, known as W.S. Rendra was born in Solo on 7th November 1935. He was a poet, writer, dramatist, cultural activist and theater director. He was one of the most talented artists and often called “The Peacock” by the press.
Rendra studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, the same school as Marlon Brando, a great movie actor. After he graduated, he returned to Indonesia in 1968 and founded Bengkel
Teater (Theater Workshop) in Yogyakarta. The group quickly astonished audience with works that were artistically experimental. Rendra rose to fame as a poet in the 1950s. He was also credited as the man who brought modern Indonesian theater to its maturity through his experimental works with Bengkel Teater. Rendra brought traditional expressions into modern context.
In 1969, he created a series of dramas without dialogues, where actors employed body language and simple sounds such as bip bop, zzzz and rambate rata-rata. The journalist poet Gunawan Mohammad dubbed these experimental performances as a “mini-word theater”.
Rendra died at the age of 73, but he remains the most influential poet in the country.

How To Use Either, Neither And Both


How To Use Either, Neither And Both

One of the tricky things about either, neither and both is knowing if they should be followed by singular or plural nouns and verbs. The table below explains either, neither and both, and the rules for what should follow them. We use either, neither and both when we are talking about two things.

  • either = one OR the other
A         : Would you like tea or coffee?
B         : Either. I don't mind.
 This means: 'You can give me tea OR coffee. I have no preference.'


  • neither = not one and not the other
A         : Would you like ham or beef in your sandwich?
B         : Neither. I am a vegetarian. I don't eat meat.
 This means: 'I don't want ham and I don't want beef.'

  • both = the first AND the second       
I take both milk and sugar in my coffee.
 This means: 'I take sugar. I also take milk.'

  • We use either with a singular noun : either car, either person
  •  We use either of with a plural noun   : either of the chairs, either of the people
  • We use either and either of with a singular verb :
-                      Either day is fine for me.
-                      Either of the days is fine for me

  • We use neither with a singular noun   : neither house, neither man
  • We use neither of with a plural noun  : neither of the houses, neither of the men
  • We use neither and neither of with a singular verb.  
-                      Neither day was suitable.
-                      Neither of the days was suitable.

  • We use both with a plural noun          : both houses, both men,
both of the houses, both of the men
  • We use both with a plural verb.         
-                 Both (of) my brothers are tall.
  • We need of before the pronouns us, you, them          :both of us, both of you, either of them, neither of them, etc.
  • Between of and a noun we need to use these, those or my, your, John's, etc., or the            :  both of those houses, neither of my brothers, both of John's sisters, either of the cinemas
Both ... and is a paired conjunctions. Paired conjunctions are used to express actions that two or more subjects take. Other paired conjunctions include 'either ... or' and 'neither ... nor'. As 'both ... and' refers to two subjects the plural form of the verb is always used. However, 'either ... or' and 'neither ... or' can take the singular and the plural form of the verb.

Both … and
Subjects connected by 'both … and' take a plural conjugation.
Examples:

  • Both Alice and Janice attended USC.
  • Both Jim and Peter are attending the conference in New York this weekend.
Either … or
'Either … or' is used in sentences in a positive sense meaning "one or the other, this or that, he or she, etc." Verb conjugation depends on the subject (singular or plural) closest to the conjugated verb.
Examples:

  • Either Peter or the girls need to attend the course. (second subject plural)
  • Either Jane or Matt is going to visit next weekend. (second subject singular)
Neither … nor
'Neither … nor' is used in sentences in a negative sense meaning "not this one nor the other, not this nor that, not he nor she, etc.". Verb conjugation depends on the subject (singular or plural) closest to the conjugated verb.
Examples:

  • Neither Frank nor Lilly lives in Eugene. (second subject singular)
  • Neither Axel nor my other friends care about their future. (second subject plural)

www.ESL-Library.com/Worksheets

 HOW TO USE EITHER, NEITHER, NOR, AND OR

 First of all, either and neither can be used in several ways: adverbs, determiners, pronouns and conjunctions. While 'either' has a positive connotation, 'neither' holds a negative significance. You will always find them paired up this way: either/or and neither/nor. These are the ways you can find them being used.

Adverbs

When we find them behaving like adverbs, both either and neither become linking words.
Ø  I don't like spinach. - Neither do I.
Ø  I don't like mushrooms. - No, I don't like them either.

 

Determiners

In the case of determiners, either and neither are positioned before the noun.
Ø  The house has a door at either end.
Ø  Neither journalist could finish their articles; there wasn't enough time.

 

Pronouns

For all those instances when either and neither behave like pronouns, the structure of the sentence would be:

either/neither followed by of + noun phrase
When they act as pronouns either means 'one or the other' while neither indicates 'not one or the other'
Ø       Both these roads go to Rome; you can go either way.
Ø       Neither of my arms is strong enough to lift that suitcase.

 

Conjunction

In all the cases in which we find "either" and "neither" as conjunctions, we also find them combined with "or" and "nor".
either/or - They are used together to offer a choice between two things
Ø  You can either call me at home or at the office.
Ø  Either mum or dad will come to pick you up.
neither/nor - When they're paired up they negate both parts of a statement.
Ø  Neither the blue one nor the red is available in size 4.
Ø  I will neither call you nor send you a message before midnight.

https://www.kaplaninternational.com/blog/how-to-use-either-neither-or-nor

Parallelism with Not Only… But Also

Not only… but also can be a difficult correlative conjunction to work with because of the extra words and their placement in the sentence. Just remember to use two verbs that make chronological sense, two adjectives, or two nouns.

  • He’s not only funny, but also he’s intelligent.
When using a correlative conjunction, both clauses have to be parallel.
  • He's not only funny but also intelligent.
  • He has not only a sense of humor but also intelligence.
  • Not only is Dion going to Ngebel for a week, but also Ngrayun for a couple of weeks.
Because the subject is after not only, there also needs to be a subject after but also.
  • Not only is Dion going to Ngebel for a week, but he’s also going to Ngrayun for a couple of weeks.

 We use not only X but also Y in formal contexts:
  • The war caused not only destruction and death but also generations of hatred between the two communities.
  • The car not only is economical but also feels good to drive.
  • This investigation is not only one that is continuing and worldwide but also one that we expect to continue for quite some time.

We can sometimes leave out also:
  • I identified with Denzel Washington not only as an actor but as a person.
To add emphasis, we can use not only at the beginning of a clause. When we do this, we invert the subject and the verb:
  • Not only was it raining all day at the wedding but also the band was late.
  • Not only will they paint the outside of the house but also the inside.
When there is no auxiliary verb or main verb be, we use do, does, did:
  • Not only did she forget my birthday, but she also didn’t even apologise for forgetting it.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/word-order-and-focus/not-only-but-also

FUTURE TENSES



FUTURE TENSES

Read the following sentences and understand the meaning
1.         I will clean my house  tomorrow morning.
2.         She will pick me up at Selo Aji bus station.
3.        We will be back to Ponorogo after shopping in Tunjungan Plaza.
4.         They will visit SMAN 1 Sambit next week.
5.         Students will water the flowers.
6.         He will be writing a historical novel next month.
7.         Will they be watching the movie tomorrow night?
8.         We will have fnished our writing project task next Monday.
9.        Will she have finished her English course by the end of August?
10.    I will have studied economics in Gadjah Mada University next two months.

We normally use WILL to speak about the future. It is always combined with another verb.
Since WILL is classified as a modal verb (like can, would, could, should) it has the same characteristics:
  1. It does not change in the third person (i.e. he, she, it)
  2. It is always combined with another verb in the base form (i.e. without 'to')
  3. We don't use it with 'Do' in questions or negatives.
Examples of Will:
  • will go to the cinema tonight.
  • He will play tennis tomorrow.
  • She will be happy with her exam results.
  • They will take the bus to the South next week.
When to use WILL
We use WILL in the following circumstances:
1. For things that we decide to do now. (Rapid Decisions)
This is when you make a decision at that moment, in a spontaneous way.
  • I'll call a taxi for you.
  • I think we'll go right now. (I just decided this right now)
  • Which one? Um, I will have the chicken sandwich please.

2. When we think or believe something about the future. (Prediction)
This can be based on personal judgement or opinion.
  • The President will not be re-elected at the next election.
  • I think it will rain later so take an umbrella with you.
  • I think you will find the movie interesting.
Notice how you often use "I think..." before the subject + will.

3. To make an offer, a promise or a threat.
  • You look tired. I'll finish the dishes for you.
  • will do my best to help you.
  • If you say anything I will kill you!
  • will have it ready by tomorrow.
  • I'll drive you to work if you want.
  • Don't worry, I won't tell anyone. (won't = will not)

4. For a habit that is a predictable behaviour
  • My daughter will fall asleep as soon as she is put into bed.
  • He will give up if he starts losing. He always does that.

5. You use WON'T when someone refuses to do something.
  • I told him to clean his room but he won't do it.
  • She won't listen to anything I say.

Negative Sentences with WILL
In the negative, we add NOT to the end of WILL and not to the main verb. (= will not)
Examples:
  • will not be in the office tomorrow. (correct)
    will be not in the office tomorrow. (Incorrect)
  • They will not stay here. (correct)
    They will stay not here. (Incorrect)

Contractions
It is possible to use contractions in both positive and negative sentences.
With positive contractions WILL becomes 'LL and is joined to the subject:

26
Positive
Contraction
Negative
Contraction
I will
I'll
I will not
I won't
You will
you'll
You will not
you won't
He will
he'll
He will not
he won't
She will
she'll
She will not
she won't
It will
it'll
It will not
it won't
We will
we'll
We will not
we won't
You will
you'll
You will not
you won't
They will
they'll
They will not
they won't

With negative contractions, will not becomes won't:
To form a question using WILL, we reverse the order of the subject and WILL:
Affirmative
He
will
be
here tomorrow.

Subject
WILL
Verb

Question
Will
he
be
here tomorrow?

WILL
Subject
Verb


Examples:
Will they win the cup?
- Yes, they will.
- No, they won't.
Will you tell him the truth?
- Yes, I will.
- No, I won't.
Will she get angry?
- Yes, she will.
- No, she won't.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

FORM

The future continuous is made up of two elements:
the simple future of the verb 'to be' + the present participle (base+ing)

Subject
simple future of the verb 'to be'
present participle
You
will be
watching
I
will be
staying
 
TO STAY, FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
Negative Interrogative
I will be staying.
I won't be staying.
Will I be staying?
Won't I be staying?
You will be staying.
You won't be staying.
Will you be staying?
Won't you be staying?
He will be staying.
He won't be staying.
Will he be staying?
Won't he be staying?
She will be staying.
She won't be staying.
Will she be staying?
Won't she be staying?
It will be staying.
It won't be staying.
Will it be staying?
Won't it be staying?
We will be staying.
We won't be staying.
Will we be staying?
Won't we be staying?
They will be staying.
They won't be staying.
Will they be staying?
Won't they be staying?

 

FUNCTIONS

The future continuous refers to an unfinished action or event that will be in progress at a time later than now. The future continuous is used for quite a few different purposes.
 
1.    The future continuous can be used to project ourselves into the future.
  • This time next week I will be sun-bathing in Bali.
  • By Christmas I will be skiing like a pro.
  • Just think, next Monday you will be working in your new job.
2.    The future continuous can be used for predicting or guessing about future events.
  • He'll be coming to the meeting, I expect.
  • I guess you'll be feeling thirsty after working in the sun.
  • You'll be missing the sunshine once you're back in England
3.    In the interrogative form, the future continuous can be used to ask politely for information about the future.
  • Will you be bringing your friend to the pub tonight?
  • Will Jim be coming with us?
  • Will she be going to the party tonight?
  • Will I be sleeping in this room?
4.    The future continuous can be used to refer to continuous events that we expect to happen in the future.
  • I'll be seeing Jim at the conference next week.
  • When he is in Australia he will be staying with friends.
  • I'll be eating with Jane this evening so I can tell her.
5.    When combined with still, the future continuous refers to events that are already happening now and that we expect to continue some time into the future.
  • In an hour I'll still be ironing my clothes.
  • Tomorrow he'll still be suffering from his cold.
  • Next year will she still be wearing a size six?
  • Won't stock prices still be falling in the morning?
  • Unfortunately, sea levels will still be rising in 20 years.


FUTURE PERFECT

FORM

The future perfect is composed of two elements
the simple future of the verb "to have" (will have) + the past participle of the main verb
Subject
+ will have
+ past participle of the main verb
He
will have
finished.
I
will have
finished.
TO ARRIVE, FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
Negative Interrogative
I will have arrived
I won't have arrived
Will I have arrived?
Won't I have arrived?
You will have arrived
You won't have arrived
Will you have arrived?
Won't you have arrived?
He will have arrived
He won't have arrived
Will he have arrived?
Won't he have arrived?
We will have arrived
We won't have arrived
Will we have arrived?
Won't we have arrived?
They will have arrived
They won't have arrived
Will they have arrived?
Won't they have arrived?


The future perfect tense refers to a completed action in the future. When we use this tense we are projecting ourselves forward into the future and looking back at an action that will be completed some time later than now. It is most often used with a time expression.
  • I will have been here for six months on June 23rd.
  • By the time you read this I will have left.
  • You will have finished your report by this time next week.
  • Won't they have arrived by 5:00?
  • Will you have eaten when I pick you up?
 http://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/future-perfect/


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